Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare :: Free Essay Writer

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Violent delights have unpeaceful ends Romeo and Juliet, two young plurality from Verona, come from two families in conflict. They meet at a ball and fall in love and only to find out their roots and families. They put on their stubborn families would not approve and plan on how they can be together. As we see in the play the friars words violent delights have violent ends, has a very significant meaning to the story whither things that are started violently have often have violent ends. At the beginning of the play the paroxysm opens with the Montages and the Capulets fighting in the market place of Verona. Already from the first scene we know that there will be more violence and possibly a tragic end. Here the friars premonition is already coming true before he has even said it. The prince suddenly appears and says, thrice has my city been disturbed by your fighting. He vows that if they disturb again the cul prits would be put to death. The climate in Verona is very hot and dry this often sparks fights and peoples tempers become fiery. The main characters in the play are Romeo and Juliet who are in love and the play is centred on them. Mercutio is a Montague he is a lighthearted man and a joker. Benvolio is also a Montague he is a ver peaceful and sensible man. Tybalt is very aggressive and passionate. Romeo and Juliet meet at a masked ball hosted by the Capulet family. Romeo goes because he thinks that Roselyn the girl he admires will be there. When Romeo arrives there he puts his mask on so they do not recognise him, as he is the Capulets enemy. Romeo begins to dance and he drifter Juliet she also spots him. They gaze at each others eyes and begin to dance. It could be said that fate is already at work here. Juliets nurse calls for her and here is where they both find out each theres identity. They are both devastated.

Tina Modotti :: Essays Papers

Tina ModottiEven though Tina Modotti is considered a Mexican photographer because her artistic career was mostly based in Mexico and the American Southwest, she was born in Undine, Italy in 1896. She moved to California in 1913 and was employed in various labor-intensive factory jobs. She was first known mainly because of her relationship with photographer Edward Weston, for whom she was a model in the 1920s but her abstract, portrait, and still-life photographs showed her to be an accomplished photographer in her own right (encyclopedia). In the 1920s, Modotti was active with Mexican revolutionaries, joining the Mexican Communist Party, and having close connections with the Mexican Artists Union. When her lover, Cuban ultra Julio Antonio Mella, was found murdered in 1928, she was accused but acquitted of complicity in his murder (encyclopedia). Modotti was eventually deported to Berlin because of her revolutionary ties when there was an assassination attempt on the Mexican pre sident Pascal Ortiz Rubio. From Berlin, she moved to Moscow in 1931 and aband championd photography temporarily in promote of revolutionary causes there. She also lived in France and Spain before returning to Mexico clandestinely in 1939. When back in Mexico, she continued photography and political work until her death of a philia attack in 1942 (encyclopedia). Most of her surviving famous photographs were from her period in Mexico between 1923 and 1926. The photograph entitled Staircase, 1925 is a good example of an abstract architectural image. Composition features in this work include the use of repetition of a line pattern, and perspective. It is a picture of space becoming a pattern a construction of lines and triangles stretched very tightly towards two dimensions in which depth is both precisely described and subtly denied (Szarkowski). It bears a resemblance to the drawings of M.C. Escher, where the eye is tricked into seeing an impossibly three-dimensional objec t. Here, an obviously three-dimensional subject is shortened to appear flat, due to the lack of contrast between near and far distances.The photograph Flor de Manita, 1925 shows great uprightness between figure and ground shapes. It is a plant that has large sweeping curves, but because of the darkness of the subject and the lightness of the background, if viewed from a distance, the nature of the subject is obscured and one sees only white and black shapes that harmoniously coexist with one another.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers fc

citizenry suffering from depression experience a lasting and continuously depressed mood that interferes with the ability to function, finger pleasure, and even maintain interest in life. The occasional feeling of being blue does not usually cause a downward spiral into depression. People suffering from major depressive episodes may feel so fatigued that they cannot go to work, school, or even do the simple things we take for granted. They may sleep daylight and night, have problems concentrating, and feel so deeply sad and guilty. This could lead to infinite thoughts of suicide. Thus showing that depression has an effect on a persons mind and personal life.When depression ends, most people return to a normal emotional level. In some cases, however, people rebound to the opposite state, in any case known as, dementia. The spectrum of manic symptoms can be quite severe, ranging from cyclothymia to severe delusional mania. Cyclothymia, which usually starts in the adolescent years or early adulthood, is likewise known as fluctuations of mood between mild elation and depression (Daly 1997). The most common form of manic depression is the bipolar inconvenience oneself. Bipolar disorder is characterized by clinically marked mood swings between mania and depression (Daly 1997). These forms of manic depression are obtained in many ways. They can be passed on generation to generation within a family. It can also be obtained through the use of drugs as well as alcohol. Yet, one of the major causes for mania is neurological lesions or other states affecting the brain (Daly 1997).When a person is diagnosed with manic depression, he or she will have certain bulge outbreaks and episodes that range in severity and outcome. Clinical description and diagnosis of a manic depressant may begin abruptly, over the space of a few hours or days, or gradually over some weeks. The subjective experience of mania in its minor form usually includes heightened feelings of well bein g with increased alertness and drive, inf youngd self-esteem, and expansive sociability (Daly 1997). In addition to the increased sense, irritability may easily be evoked, and other mood states such as anxiety or sadness, brief but intensely expressed, may become apparent (Daly 1997). As mania deepens, over-activity and excessive talkativeness become more obvious. These are the signs of... ...tection or out of consideration for others (Gonzalez-Heydrich 1996). As we grow older our minds expand. Depression can set in at an early point in your life or late into it. Traumatic episodes and even thoughts can play a role in the dilemma of depression. This disease can be controlled, yet think about those who cannot move over the treatment. Who do they turn to? They are going to live the rest of their lives in an altered state of depression forever.Works CitedCroghan, W. Thomas, Obenchain, L. Robert, and Crown E. William. July 1998. What does Treatment of Depression rattling Cost? Healt h Affairs. Daly, Ian. Mania. Lancet 1997349 (9059) 1157-1160.Gonzalez-Heydrich, Joseph. The Depresses Child and Adolescent Development and Clinical Perspectives. N Engl J Med 334 1410-1411.Hirschfeld, M.A. Robert, & Russell M., James. 1997. Current Concepts Assessment and Treatment of Suicidal Patients. N Engl J Med 337 910-915.Partonen, Timo, & Lonnqvist, Jouko. 1998. Seasonal Affective Disorder. Lancet 1998 352 (9137)1369-1374.Price, H. Lawerence, & Heninger, R. George. 1994. Drug Therapy Lithium in the Treatment of Mood Disorders. N Engl J Med 1994 331 591-598.

How To Make A Webpage :: essays research papers

How To Make A WebpageFor my science project I chose to create a web (internet) page, dealingwith science. This project consists of victimisation a computer and a html editor tocreate a page that abide be found on the internet. The next paragraph willing explainhow to make an internet page.The steps to making a web page to post on the internet, is very comfy.Most web pages are do in a code called html, which is what I am using to makemy science web page. Html is an acronym for Hyper Text Markup Language. Thehtml codes are very easy to use, and remember. If you want to spice up your webpage, you may want to use another code called, Java. The word Java is not anacronym, it comes from its maker, Sun Technologies, which is a enormouslyhuge company that deals with web page making and the internet. Java enables youto have those neat scrolling words at the bottom of your web browser, and theother neat touching things that you may find in web pages around the net. Anothercode to spice up your web page would be cgi. Cgi stands for Common GatewayInterface, it is employ to submit information on the internet. You can get a bookat your local library that contains how to use html, java, and cgi. You now needto select iodin of the many programs that allow you to make a web page, using html,java, and cgi. Once you find this program, you may now start to enter your html,java, and cgi coordinates. After long hours of model you may now test your webpage, depending on the program you are using, there is usually a button that youmay press that enables you to look at the web page you have made. After revisingand checking your web page, it is time to place it on the internet. To do this,you may have to contact your internet provider, and take aim them if they allow theircustomers to place internet documents on their world wide web server. Once youhave it on the net, tell all your friends about it so you can get traffic onyour page, and maybe one day, you will win an award for it, and all that work

Causes of the Franco-Russian Alliance :: European Europe History

Causes of the Franco-Russian AllianceDuring the late 19th century many countries sought an shackle with other countries to guarantee their own safety, preserve peace and sometimes to help their economic position. this is highlighted by alliances and treaties such as the Dual Alliance of 1879, the Dreikaiserbund of 1881 and the Reinsurance Treaty This was also the case for both France and Russia, with them agreeing the Franco-Russian Military Convention on wonderful 18th 1892 and later agreeing the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1893. France and Russia were animated by a common desire to preserve peace. The except reason it was possible for France and Russia to form this alliance is because Germany allowed the Reinsurance treaty to become invalid. Both countries treasured unalike things from the alliance but there was one common reason between them, and that was to oppose Germany - although both countries had different incentives for this. France, Russia and Germany all contributed t o the alliance being formed, either through their aims or what they did.France aimed to get revenge on Germany for the Franco - Prussian war of 1970 - 1971 where France were disastrously defeated, Germany aimed to stay free from an encroachment from France and keep Austria-Hungary happy as France and Austria- Hungary were on either side of German, and Russia wanted an ally so it could feel safe form Germany.France made an alliance with Russia because it was against Germany. France wanted Revenge on Germany because of the humiliation of losing the Franco-Prussian war and the valuable land lost, like Alsace - Lorraine. They wanted revenge and this widely known. France knew that without Russias help, the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871, in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine could never be repaired, so it was important France allied with a relatively strong power. Karl Marx said If Alsace - Lorraine is taken, then France will later make war with Germany in conjunction with France. F rance needed an ally because she felt extremely vulnerable, this was mainly due to Bismarck and Germany. Bismarck had been successful in isolating France diplomatically oer the previous decade, so she needed to catch up with the other major powers. France couldnt ally with Britain because Britain kept itself in splendid isolation, so Russia was really the only real choice as they were the only other great power who was suspicious and disliked Germany.France feared Germany, Germany had a preponderant military, so to counterbalance the German - British alliance, France agreed the Franco-Russian alliance.

Causes of the Franco-Russian Alliance :: European Europe History

Causes of the Franco-Russian AllianceDuring the late 19th century many countries sought an coalescency with other countries to guarantee their own safety, preserve repose and sometimes to help their economic position. this is highlighted by alliances and treaties such as the Dual Alliance of 1879, the Dreikaiserbund of 1881 and the Reinsurance Treaty This was also the case for both(prenominal) France and Russia, with them agreeing the Franco-Russian Military Convention on August 18th 1892 and later agreeing the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1893. France and Russia were animated by a common desire to preserve peace. The only reason it was possible for France and Russia to multifariousness this alliance is because Germany allowed the Reinsurance treaty to become invalid. Both countries wanted different things from the alliance but there was one common reason between them, and that was to oppose Germany - although both countries had different incentives for this. France, Russia and Ger many all contributed to the alliance being formed, either through their aims or what they did.France aimed to get revenge on Germany for the Franco - Prussian war of 1970 - 1971 where France were disastrously defeated, Germany aimed to stay kick from an invasion from France and keep Austria-Hungary happy as France and Austria- Hungary were on either side of German, and Russia wanted an ally so it could feel safe form Germany.France made an alliance with Russia because it was against Germany. France wanted Revenge on Germany because of the humiliation of losing the Franco-Prussian war and the valuable land lost, like Alsace - Lorraine. They wanted revenge and this widely known. France knew that without Russias help, the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871, in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine could never be repaired, so it was important France allied with a relatively strong power. Karl Marx said If Alsace - Lorraine is taken, then France will later plant war with Germany in conjun ction with France. France needed an ally because she felt extremely vulnerable, this was mainly due to Bismarck and Germany. Bismarck had been successful in isolating France diplomatically over the previous decade, so she needed to catch up with the other major powers. France couldnt ally with Britain because Britain kept itself in splendid isolation, so Russia was unfeignedly the only real choice as they were the only other great power who was suspicious and disliked Germany.France feared Germany, Germany had a preponderant military, so to counterbalance the German - British alliance, France agreed the Franco-Russian alliance.

Authority Power Politics

Authority/Power/ governing Authority What is Authority The word billet derives from the Latin word auctoritas meaning invention, advice, opinion, influence or commands which maturate from an auctor, indicating that authority originates from a master, leader or author. Essentially authority is imposed by superiors upon inferiors either by string of arms (structural authority) or by force of argument (sapiential authority). Usually authority has components of both compulsion and persuasion.For this reason, as used in Roman law authority is differentiated into potestas (legal or military source) and imperium (persuasive political rank or standing). Weber on Authority Max Weber in his sociological drill has identified and distinguished three types of authority. Weber define authority as the chance of commands existence obeyed by a specifiable group of people. Legitimate authority is that which is recognized as legitimate and justified by both the ruler and the ruled. Weber divided legitimate authority into three types The first type discussed by Weber is Rational-legal authority.It is that form of authority which depends for its legitimacy on formal rules and established laws of the state, which are usually written down and are often very complex. The index finger of the rational legal authority is mentioned in the constitution. in advance(p) societies depend on legal-rational authority. Government officials are the best example of this form of authority, which is prevalent all over the world. The second type of authority is Traditional authority, which derives from long-established customs, habits and affable structures.When power passes from one generation to an other, then it is known as traditional authority. The responsibility of hereditary monarchs to rule furnishes an obvious example. The Tudor dynasty in England and the ruling families of Mewar, in Rajasthan (India) are some examples of traditional authority. The third form of authority is Chari smatic authority. Here, the charisma of the individual or the leader dramatic plays an important role. Charismatic authority is that authority which is derived from the gift of grace or when the leader claims that his authority is derived from a higher power (e. . God or natural law or rights) or stirring, that is superior to both the validity of traditional and rational-legal authority and followers accept this and are willing to follow this higher or inspired authority, in the seat of the authority that they have hitherto been following. Some of the most prominent examples of charismatic authority substructure be politicians or leadership, who come from a movie or inscribetainment background. These people turn successful, because they use their grace and charm to get to a greater extent votes during elections.Examples in this regard can be NT Rama Rao, a matinee idol, who went on to come one of the most powerful Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh. History has witnessed seve ral social movements or revolutions, against a system of traditional or legal-rational authority, which are usually started by Charismatic authorities. What distinguishes authority, from coercion, force and power on the one hand and leadership, persuasion and influence on the other hand, is legitimacy. Superiors feel that they have a right to bother commands subordinates perceive an obligation to obey.Social scientists agree that authority is but one of several resources available, to incumbents in formal positions. For example, a Head of State is dependent upon a similar nesting of authority. His legitimacy must be acknowledged, not just by citizens, but by those who control other valued resources his immediate staff, his cabinet, military leaders and in the long run, the administration and political apparatus of the entire society. Power What is Power Power is a measure of an entitys readiness to control the surround just around itself, including the behavior of other entities .The term authority is often used for power, perceived as legitimate by the social structure. Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic to military personnels as social beings. Often, the study of power in a society is referred to as regime. Sources of Power Power may be held through Delegated authority (for example in the democratic process) Social class (material wealth can equal power) Personal or group charisma Ascribed power (acting on perceived or assumed abilities, whether these bear testing or not) Expertise (Ability, Skills) panorama (direct, indirect, or subliminal)Knowledge (granted or withheld, shared or kept secret) Celebrity Force (violence, military might, coercion). Moral persuasion (including religion) Operation of group dynamics (such as public transaction) Social influence of tradition (compare ascribed power) In relationships domination/submissiveness Politics What is Politics Politics is a process by which groups of people make incorporated decisions. The term is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in other group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions.It consists of social relations involving authority or power and refers to the regulation of a political unit, and to the methods and simulated military operation used to formulate and apply policy. Politics at Workplace Politics the other face of the creative, innovative and manipulative and human mind, which always seeks power, recognition and authority. So how can there be no politics at the place where hundreds and thousands of human minds are spending most dissociate of their day and theres a constant struggle for power and recognition. Yes, double standards, secrecy, camps, demoting others and/or self promotion, in short politics is all over the workplace.No organisation is and will be completely free from the politics. mail service politics refers to the use and manipulation of situations, power and people to secure their position, gain from the situation, let others down or even increase their own power, image and status within the organisation. The results or the benefits can be tangible or intangible, depending upon the situation. Politics at workplace is a game can be played equally well by a maven player or teams together, can result in the interest and benefit of the organisation or go against it, can benefit those who dont play or can throw them out of the organisation.It is a double edged sword which can either create a happy, dynamic and improved environment at the workplace or can destroy it. Politics at workplace is often hard to resist and be away from. It compels and makes you compete. Although a routine of all the organisations across the world, the politics at workplace has numbern the more advanced and dangerous form in India, where the people staying away from it are being seen as a threat. Office politics ha s made employees good actors, hiding the facts and even true self from their own colleagues and organisation and being hypocrites for their reasons.Grey slope of the issue Every workplace has conflicts, but how the employees and the organisation tackle it goes a long way in ensuring the success of the employees as well as the organisation. Politics at workplace is complex, and can turn the organisation into an ugly and nasty battlefield. Most often, the power is the bone of contention. The powerful employee can fool away advantage of the situations and verify things. The employees can take the things to them at a personal level. This, in turn, can harm their personal and professional lives.Playing on other peoples emotions to make things work for them, people have stooped to such levels where they have put their own morals and conscious a typeface. But the organisation feels the brunt of the continuous politics at workplace when it starts effecting the overall performance, effici ency and productivity of the organisation. This is mainly due to the considerable amount of time spent on the politics and thinking rough the strategies and the moves, rather than the job and the work. Ultimately, this can lead to losses for the organisation and even the loss of jobs for the employees. Workplace Politics A necessary evilAgain, the question arises about the employees who do not become a part to this politics at their workplace. Experts say that giving up to the politics without being a part of it and fleck it, especially when it is unfair, is not advisable either. Sometimes, the politics becomes the necessary evil simply for self defense. As often, the people staying away are taken as a threat and become the victim of the workplace politics and are eliminated. As it has become unavoidable to avoid the politics at todays workplace, it has become necessary for every employee to connect to people, try to identify the source of power, bserve and be aware of the happeni ngs around, peoples strengths and weaknesses and their emotional intelligence. Avoiding politics at workplace Although it is lots impossible to make your workplace free from the politics, but the organisation and the employees can follow certain ethics for themselves to make their workplace healthier Avoid distorting or manipulating the truth and the facts. Be yourself. Dont have different faces to suit different people and different situations. Be fair in your dealings. Take decisions ground on others performance and not on the basis of your relations with them.Be flexible, approachable and accessible to others. Rigidity can isolate you. excrete Lack of proper communication is the root cause of most of the problems. Therefore, ensure a timely and open communication system. Hiding schooling, rumors or distorted information can aggravate the situation and problem. Proper communication will also help to combat the effect of gossip. Have a broader perspective. Dont work to satisfy your ego every time. Give a fair chance to everyone to put forward their thoughts. Last but not the least be benefit in your conscious.Dont compromise on your morals and ethics and, dont hesitate to apologize if you realize that you are wrong. It would be right to conclude that being a part of the interpersonal relations, politics at workplace is prevalent everywhere, and is unavoidable in most cases. But its more important to play the game right. Know the rules, stay true to yourself, dont harm someone personally or his/her career, dont take grudges home. Try to create a win-win situation for yourself, others and the organisation. Politics at workplace can be good or bad depends on how people take it and make itDont confuse authority, power, and politics If you work in an organization, you need a clear understanding of three closely related conceptsauthority, power, and politics. Unfortunately, for many employees these concepts often confuse, frustrate, or elicit anxiety or ind ifference. The traditional concept of organization is built upon the principle that someone has the right to command someone else, whose duty is to obey the command. This right is bestowed by the formal organization, and we call it authority. It is important to note that right to command does not connote the capacity to command. Most of us would be making a mistake if we were to equate right and capacityi. e. , authority and power. This is especially true in a professional environment. We must always be careful to brace up our right to command with the appropriate power, the capability to secure dominance of ones values or goals, if we want to develop and maintain highly effective organizations. Even though it may be socially unacceptable to admit that one aspires to power or worries about power relationships, we must recognize that power and politics enter into every organizational decision.Positive power. However, concern about power and politics does not mean that a person is com mitted to such Machiavellian tactics as doing unto others before they do unto you. Power has a positive side as well. Organizations could not function without some kind of power relationships. The positive side is characterized by a concern for group goals and their achievement. Leaders enjoy the greatest overall influence when they help their followers feel powerful and accomplish grandeur on their own.The direction of communications, their frequency, and their content reveals a great deal about the power relationships within an organization. It is as simple as who talks to whom about what. Office politics. The process by which power is exercised and sometimes acquired is called politics. In politics, contesting forces compete for favorable outcomes on decisions involving who gets what and how. Political activity is usually stronger where there are no electropositive routine answers or no stated policy. It also centers around the interpretation of existing policies and those si tuations involving value judgments.Any organization that attempts to totally reduce these arenas of political activity by instituting rules, regulations, and policies from the top would quickly strangle in its own red tape. Political processes form the dynamic that enables the formal organization to function. In a sense, power and politics act as the lubricant that enables the interdependent parts of the organization to operate smoothly together. When we pretend that power and politics dont exist, we greatly reduce the ability of an organization to get things done, especially when innovation and change are involved, because they abandon procedures we have always followed.Since power and political processes are a fact of emotional state in all organizations, we must develop and use the appropriate skills to achieve the organizations goals. Managers must avoid working in isolation and instead as part of the flow of social forces. They must understand that a managerial position is not self-perpetuating. References Dont confuse authority, power, and politics, By Ted Gautschi, Consultant, Wellesley Hills, MA Design News, May 4, 1997

Motivation/Reward System

Essay 1 Motivation/Reward System by Blake P. Rodabaugh EDD 9100 CRN 35455 Leadership Seminar Nova S turn outheastern University January 15, 2012 Essay 1 Motivation/Reward System Employee motivation seems to be at the core of what defines leadership or more importantly a leader. The success or trial of an organization is dependent upon the ability of those in leadership positions and roles to motivate and inspire the members of the organization to high take aims of performance.Leaders that argon effective have the ability to increase the level of business concern engagement and organizational commitment on the part of employees. Particularly in the field of education, highly qualified and motivated faculty members are minute to the economic and academic success of the organization. Without them the organization at best(p) stumbles along at a mediocre level and at worst fails (Siddique & Khan, 2011). There are two types of rewards when dealing with motivational factors of staff, extraneous and intrinsic.Extrinsic motivation is that which comes from outside of the individual such as m unrivaledy, promotion, coercion, grades, or the fear of punitive action. Intrinsic motivation is that which comes from in spite of appearance the individual through a feeling of enjoyment, pleasure, or interest in the task at hand. In investigating the type of reward frame to be implemented whether extraneous or intrinsic it becomes apparent that neither is the answer in itself. As with many aspects of leadership there appears to be no one style that works best on the whole the times but rather is situational as to need.Extrinsic reward has been connected strongly with the encouragement of innovative behavior on the part of employees. This however needs to be taken on in moderation as there is a tendency for excessive motivation of an adscititious nature to actually depress innovative behavior through the erosion of self motivation. Intrinsic motivation through the applica tion of empowerment, development of human capital, identification of accomplishment, learning and training support has shown to have a strong impact upon the level of employee innovation.When the two approaches are combined in a situation where extrinsic motivation is added to the aforementioned types of intrinsic motivation, the positive effects are amplified. The intrinsic aspects prevent the over-erosion effects often produced by extrinsic motivation. Thus, as with so often of leadership a combination of approaches is stronger than a single approach (Zhou, Zhang, & Montoro-Sanchez, 2011). A study designed to investigate the motivational factors that were of the greatest importance to faculty members in higher education found that there was a desire for a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.Results demonstrated that while employee compensation and the overall benefits package were of significant importance to faculty members there was an expressed need for non-monetary rewa rds as well. Key were concepts of empowerment, positive and supportive work environment, recognition, training, involvement in the decision qualification process, and a sense of value from the organization. Crucial to the successful implementation of this is clear and open communication between faculty and those participating in all roles of supervising (Rasheed, Aslam, & Sarwar, 2010).An additional view of the concept of motivation is through the application of justness theory. Through this lens motivation of individuals is dependent upon how they view their ratio of outcomes to inputs in parity to their perception of the outcomes and inputs of their peers in the workplace. This then serves as the basis for the individual to judge whether or not they are being treated fairly in the workplace. They may perceive a situation of either under or over reward, with those workers perceiving an under-reward taking action to restore perceived candour.Typically this action resolves into either a reduction of effort on the part of the employee or a request for greater rewards. Typically, the end result of this being that, if the employee is unable to achieve a perception of equity through either a reduction of input or an increase in rewards, they will eventually change employment (Skiba & Rosenberg, 2011). Professor Edgar Schein of MITs Sloan nurture of Management emphasizes a need for behavioral change to take place at all levels of an organization if it is to be successful in the creation of a strong organizational culture.According to Professor Schein it is important to have more than an empowering process in place. Organizations need to have everyone at all levels of the organization actively works together to establish behaviors that lead to an environment in which equal partnerships and mutually helping relationships are the order of business (Kleiner & vonPost, 2011). A Brazilian study of niner administrative units, composed of three factories, two bank branches, a university, and a municipal office focused on the impact of wages upon motivation and employee job satisfaction.The results of this study were in opposition to several others in that the administrative offices with the lowest wages displayed the greatest amount of employee job satisfaction and overall motivation collectible to intrinsic factors present in the work environment. In opposition to this the offices with the highest wages showed the lowest level of overall satisfaction and motivation. In total there were 458 respondents of which 252 were phallic and 206 female.In all instances of this study correlations were apparent with respect to perceptions of satisfaction and motivation in connection with leaderships attitude towards staff in areas other than extrinsic (Pinto, 2011). Analysis of the Writers Workplace At the writers place of employment there unfeignedly does not exist any real system of positive motivation and rewards beyond that expressed in the contr act signed at the beginning of employment. Some might equate it to a system which utilizes a carrot and a stick except that there is no carrot.Overall leadership and organizational culture is reflective of leadership neglect with the occasional out lashing of reactionary and punitive actions on the part of senior administration towards staff. The culture is one that reinforces a perception that unless you are among the chosen ones, the inner circle, that the best you can do is to hole up in your classroom and not draw attention to yourself. Senior administration sees itself as enlightened and visionary. Staff sees it overall as untrustworthy, arbitrary, reactionary, and punitive.The next step down from the most senior of administrators is seen overall as clueless, out of touch and somewhat delusional in a auspicious way. Middle level administration and leadership is viewed as having their heart in the right place but with very little power or knead to shape things in a more positiv e direction. Overall the motivation and rewards system is dysfunctional at best, unless you happen to be one of the chosen ones. What is needed is a system wide change similar to that proposed by Professor Schein in which observation, inquiry, and leverage are applied.This would entail observation of the manner in which employees at all levels of the organization behave, inquiring or deducing the manner in which they think or believe, and then applying the leverage. The leverage in this instance is small incremental behavioral changes that lead the organization as a whole to think and act differently. The impact and role of management in this process is critical as the non-homogeneous subcultures within an organization exist within all levels and facets of the organization including the various levels of leadership (Kleiner & vonPost, 2011).References Kleiner, A. , & vonPost, R. (2011, January 19). A corporate climate of mutual help. Strategy & Business. Retrieved January 21, 2012 from http//www. strategybusiness. com/article/11102? pg=all&tid=27782251 Pinto, E. P. (2011). The influence of wage on motivation and satisfaction. The International Business & Economics Research Journal, 10(9), 81-91. Rasheed, M. I. , Aslam, H. D. , & Sarwar, S. (2010). Motivational issues for teachers in higher education A critical reason of IUB. Journal of Management Research, 2(2), 1-23. Siddique, A. , & Khan, M. (2011).Impact of academic leadership on facultys motivation, and organizational effectiveness in higher education system. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(8), 184-191. Skiba, M. , & Rosenberg, S. (2011). The disutility of equity theory in contemporary management practice. The Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 17(2), 1-19,97-98. Zhou, Y. , Zhang, Y. , & Montoro-Sanchez, A. (2011). Utilitarianism or romanticism The effect of rewards on employees innovative behaviour. International Journal of Manpower, 32(1), 81-98. inside10. 1108/014377211 11121242

The French and Russian Revolutions: Similar? Or Different?

The French gyration and the Russian Revolution were the same in many an(prenominal) ways, but were also different in just as many ways. A king who believed in absolutism, just as France was before the revolution, led Russia the kings didnt accurately represent their people, nor were they close to them the middle class (bourgeoisie, in France, Duma, in Russia) precious recognition and in both cases, the royal families were executed. There were even more comparisons to the two Revolutions. Both Louis XVI and Nicholas II were absolute rulers.Neither of them wanted to be king. Louis simply wanted a quiet life where he could be tucked in and eat to his delight. He wanted nothing to do with the problems that arose in his reign. It was also his indifference to the crown that caused those problems. Tsar Nicholas also felt that way. Both kings followed their ancestors rulings. The Bourbons and Romanovs had always ruled their country with a firm, absolute hand. Though they were relatively ki nd, disconsolate men, their people did not see it that way.They saw them as uncaring towards their countries and wanted a new monarchy but without a monarch. They wanted a fair government. Frances Revolution followed Americas Revolution, their desire for a free, fair Constitution strong. The problems that arose and caused the French and Russian Revolution were many. In both cases, however, it was the starvation and the bitter winter that had taken its toll on the people. A bread riot began in both cases. In the French Revolution, the women marched to Versailles and chased after Marie Antoinette, fixed upon killing her.They then forced the royal family into the Tuilleries rook in Paris so they could keep a good eye on them. In the Russian Revolution, the women were calmer and simply paraded down the streets on International Womens Day, just now wanting some bread to sate their hunger. Unlike in the French Revolution, soldiers were ordered to shoot at the people in the parade. Th ey disobeyed and instead shot their officers and join the parade. The middle-class, which had hardly existed in Russia until socialism was introduced, was also a major factor in both Revolutions.In the French Revolution, the middle-class or bourgeoisie was lots ignored by Louis XVI, who only gave recognition to the aristocracy. As for Tsar Nicholas, he refused to acknowledge the middle-class, whom was called the Duma. The aristocracy enjoyed their place in society and had no problems with the way things were. The Duma, on the other hand, was disgusted with the way Tsar Nicholas ruled. Their discontent, along with the poor peoples, were one of the uprisings that led to the Revolution of 1917. This, too, happened in the French Revolution.The bourgeoisie planned and organized until smash at the monarch and setting up their own government. The Duma had set up what was called the Provisional authorities on March 12, 1917, which established equality before legality freedom of reli gion, speech, and assembly the right of unions to organize and strike and the rest of the classic liberal program. The government in which the bourgeoisie had set up was identical. The Provisional Government lasted only a short time before Vladimir Lenin, an extreme socialist, overthrew it, giving this proclamation To the Citizens of RussiaThe Provisional Government has been deposed. State power has passed into the hands of the organ of the Petrogad Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies the Revolutionary Military Committee, which heads the Petrogad proletariat and the garrison. The cause for which the people had fought, namely, the immediate offer of a democratic peace, the abolition of landlord property-rights over the land, workers control over production, and the establishment of Soviet power this cause has been secured.Long live the revolution of workers, soldiers, and peasants Conclusively, though the French Revolution and Russian Revolution had many similarities, it also had many differences. Both Revolutions end in both happiness and sadness. There were two sides to each of the Revolutions. To this day, many see Tsar Nicholas and Louis XVI as men that had ended in a position they were not destined for and paid with their life and their familys for that.

Children with Incarcerated Parents

new Justice And The effects on Children of Incarcerated Pargonnts Loretta R. Lynch Capstone 480 Ms. Mel Jones Abstract Today prison houses be everywherecrowded and over two gazillion Americans, male, and female are sitting in jail or prison, and two thirds of those people incarcerated are parents (U. S. plane section of Justice). Approximately two million of these children are free from their mom or dad because of incarceration of which these are the custodial parent.These children suffer from poverty, inconsistency in caregivers, separation from siblings, reduced education, increased adventure for substance abuse, alcoholism and incarceration themselves. Studies have shown that children who lack parental relationships that combine loving support with structured discipline will show increased signs of unsociable mien (Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4). This behavior is exhibited in children with incarcerated parents because bonds are likely to have never formed or are broken upon imprisonment.The attachment a child has to their parent, as well as the indirect controls a parent has over the child, forms protective factors that reduce the incidence of delinquency (Abidin, R. 1983). Children of incarcerated parents are not forever and a day afforded protective factors, and are exposed to higher levels of risk factors that can contri savee to delinquent behavior. Parental incarceration increases a childs chance of experiencing disruptions, futile parenting, and loss of parental contact and academic difficulties, which can lead to novel delinquency.In the ultimately three decades, family life in the United States has changed dramatically. Currently over octette point five million families with children under eighteen years of age are maintained by genius parents, eighty percent of which are sensation as a result of separation or divorce (Hamner & Turner, 1990). A meaningful contributing factor to single parent households is the estimat ed eight percent of the children in the United States who have one parent who is incarcerated (Butterworth, 1987).In my interview with one family court judge at the Chesterfield County Juvenile Justice Court (Brice, 2012), it was apparent to me that these children are more(prenominal) likely than their peers to become incarcerated as adults (. The parent-child relationship, which is extremely important in a childs development when broken, can have strong implications on the behavior that has exhibited from the child. It was also apparent that according to statistics nationwide, more than 2 million children have a parent who is incarcerated in state or federal prison (U. S. Department of Justice Report 2009).Loosing a parent to incarceration can have a wide range of devastating effects on prisoners children. In an interview with a female inmate (Inmate X, 2012), a mother of three children, it was apparent that the lack of parental bonding had affected not unaccompanied the relation ship with her mother who was seventy-one and in bad health, but also with her children. On top of her worry of being incarcerated, the inmate had just learned that her oldest was commencement ceremony to show signs of acting out and smoking marijuana. She spoke to me about her children ranging from ages two, seven and twelve.This female inmate discusses how much she missed and loved them her children, but due to circumstances, she would not be able to be in their lives for five years. She stated that it was her decision for her mother not to bring the children to the facility for any shouts for fear of the impact it aptitude cause on them seeing her in a place behind bars. When I asked her what made her in up in prison, she stated drugs. As a child, she was raped by her step-grandfather and she had turned to drugs to cope. In another interview with a female inmate (Inmate Y, 2012), she shared how he was raised in a single parent household. Her father was in and out jail for vario us crimes until 1996 when charged with Involuntary Manslaughter during the commission of a robbery when she was approximately twelve. It was toward the end of the interview that I learned she is one of five children in a family of two girls and three boys. The saddening fact was that in this family of five, three of her siblings were incarcerated for various crimes. Forty-two percent of men and cleaning lady today had a parent who was also incarcerated (U. S. Department of Statistics 2009).We know much more about incarcerated mothers than we know about incarcerated fathers. For example, over 70% of female inmates are mothers of dependent children under the age of eighteen. Al near 90% of incarcerated females are single parents and heads of households. According to some estimates, a quarter of a million children are separated from their parents each year by jail and prison (Glick & Neto, 1977 McGowan & Blumenthal, 1978 McPeek & Tse, 1988 U. S. Department of Justice, 1992). We do not have this kind of information about incarcerated fathers.The lack of statistics concerning fathers in prison may suggest that they are a forgotten group. Research has revealed that a fathers involvement in his childs life greatly improves the childs chances for success. Helping incarcerated fathers foster stronger connections with their children (where appropriate) can have a positive effect for children. What is needed is stronger training of social workers and prison personnel to suspensor males with bonding and effective parenting skills. Prisons also need to work on reorganizing visiting spaces in prisons because they are not always child friendly.This also makes it extremely unspoken for families. According to a report written by Sarah Schirmer, Ashley Nellis, and Marc Mauer of The Sentencing Project, The increasing incarceration of women means that more mothers are being incarcerated than ever before. There is some secern that maternal incarceration can be more damaging to a child than paternal incarceration, which results in more children now misfortunate negative consequences. First, less correctional institutions for women means that mothers are often located far away from the homes of their children.Second, children of female offenders are more than twice more likely to be dictated in foster care than are children of male offenders because children of incarcerated fathers typically remain with the mother. Incarceration can add a tremendous burden to the already trying situation of not having contact with the family. Many inmates are placed not in the same vicinity as their families, and many families cannot afford to relocate finis to a prison, in order for the incarcerated parent to stay involved with the family. Thus, there is limited interaction between parent and child.This is especially hard for female inmates whose prisons are usually not in the same state in which they live. The average frequency of visits, according to some accounts, is at the most once a month, maybe less. The only time inmates get to interact with their children is when someone chooses to bring the children to the institution. Even when children visit, it is common for the incarcerated parent to lose a reason of closeness with them since most of the children who visit their parents are unable to touch them. Nearly half of them grew up in families that received welfare, and had a substance-abusing parent.Family poverty, alcoholism and crime set up a incidental cycle of generational recidivism. In my interview and time working in a boys group home seems as though the effects of their separation from an incarcerated parents was significant and played a major role in why they were now themselves locked up. They spoke of feelings of abandoned, while at the same time feeling a sense of freedom to do whatever they choose to do. This is extremely sad working with them because they are not bad kids they have just been thrown into bad situations and most of them are just looking for someone to show them affection and attention.In my interview with a fourteen year old (boy A, 2012) raise by his paternal gran said that she was an older woman of eighty and could not discipline him instead, she spoiled him and gave him everything he wanted. Another juvenile, age eleven (boy B) was raised by his mothers sister who gave him little or no attention because she had 4 children of her own and before he knew it he was stealing cars and getting into trouble for attention My last interview with a juvenile aged sixteen (boy C, 2013) was the saddest because he was raised by his brother and sister in law.The twist of the story was that his sister-in-law was molesting him and so in turn, he started molesting younger girls in his family. Statistics have shown that these boys were four times more likely to become involved in criminal activities than children from the same social frugal background were with parents at home. The pattern continues as they enter their adult life, where research clearly indicates that children who had an incarcerated parent are at high risk for incarceration as a juvenile or adult (Burchinal, L. , Hawkes, G. , & Gardner, B. 957). The statistics that I have learned while doing my research is horrifying. These young children are critical to our society and they are our future(a) generation of potential lawyers and doctors. The question has always been how do we address this problem? I do not think there is any easy firmness of purpose to this dilemma, but we must try to find a solution because our children are suffering. Some are suffering in silence and some are suffering aloud. Whatever way they are suffering, they are crying for attention and we must listen and hear their cries.The crimes that these people commit not only effect society, but on their children as well. My thoughts are, the sooner they realize the effects they are having on their children, the sooner we might be able to find a solution to juvenile crime, and delinquency and save our children. Figure 1. A transactional model of the predictors of childrens adjustment following parental incarceration and reunion after (Conger & Elder, 1994 Hetherington et al. , 1998). References Adalist-Estrin, A. (1986). Parenting from behind bars. Family Resource Coalition FRC Report, 1, 12-13.Abidin, R. (1983). Parenting evince index. Charlottesville, VA Pediatric Psychology Press. Burchinal, L. , Hawkes, G. , & Gardner, B. (1957). The relationship between parental acceptance and adjustment of children. Child Development, 28, 67-77. Inmate X. (2012, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview housed at the Virginia correctional Center for Women Inmate Y, (2013, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview housed at the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women male child A. (2012, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Boy B. 2012, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Boy C. (2013 , December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Brice, L. (2012, December 14). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Juvenile justice system. http//www. fcnetwork. org/AECFChildren%20of%20Incarcerated%20Parents%20Factsheet. pdf La Vigne, N. G. , Naser, R. L. Brooks, L. E. & Castro, J. L. (2005). Examining the effect of incarceration and in-prison family contact on prisoners family relationships. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4). pic

Fast Food and Obesity Essay

Now a days, immediate food is change state a cut-price and yet a popular way for people who are too busy to cook. But the flashy price of the unfaltering food is nothing in comparison to the genuine price that these people are paying. Every 4 place of 10 adults in the USA will stupefy obese in the next 5 eld if they keep eating this food the way they are. Eating fast food like this is causing major health risks.Since this food is so cheap, it makes it satisfied for people to go out and get food instead of staying home to cook. In addition, fast food companies are trying to target kids. If the companies get to the kids at a young age, they will get hooked on the food. Because of tout ensemble this, people need to stop eating fast food before it gets out of hand.This fast food world has spread tremendously around the globe, and obesity has shortly followed. In addition to this it has also brought heart affection, arthritis, diabetes and many other types of illnesses. strai ghtaway food isnt only making people fattyter, but its also increasing peoples chances of obtaining type two diabetes. Peoples muscles and fat cells that fork up type two diabetes lose the ability to take in a sugar called glucose from their blood. The glucose builds up and reaches very high levels and because of this they get damage to the eyes, neuropath (loss of feeling), kidney disease and heart disease.Most of the people who have type two diabetes are obese or overweight. A long-term study between the link of fast food, obesity and diabetes were tested. It compared the people who would eat fast food at least twice a calendar week to the people who ate it less than once a week. The results showed that the people who are more fast food gained about 10 pounds more then the people who are it less than once a week over a fifteen-year period.Eating fast food can cause many diseases such as Hypertension, Heart Disease, Cancer, Gall Bladder Disease and E. coli, which is single of t he worst forms of food poisoning. E. Coli is spread through undercooked burgers and it is very difficult to cure. 4 % of the people who have this poison develop hemolytic uremic syndrome and close to 5 % of the kids who develop this die. E. Coli is now becoming the major reason for renal failure for American kids.People would rather happen their money on a cheap burger that tastes good compared to a burger that tastes just as good for six times the price. The great thing about fast food is that over these many years their products taste hasnt changed. The whole experience of buying fast food, has become so routine, so thoroughly unexceptional and mundane, that it is now taken for granted, like light touch your teeth or stopping for a red light. Says Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation.Millions of people a day are buying fast food because its so convenient to get to. Todays economy is also dropping and because of this going out to buy fast food has become easier to feed peop les families. Instead of a family going out to a restaurant to feed the family for 60 dollars, they can go to a fast food restaurant and spend about one third of that.These fast food restaurants are making a lot of money off this cheap food With the money they make, they spend some of it for advertising to grab peoples attention Since most kids watch TV they are the ones that are bear on most by this McDonalds spends billions of dollars on advertising each year. Most of the kids know Ronald McDonald more than they do their own president. Just about 30% of all children each day eat fast food according to a Harvard study.This is part of the reason why America is the fattest country in the world. According to Alan Green, on average, kids who eat fast food gain an extra 6 pounds in weight each year. The numbers, though alarming, are not surprising since billions of dollars are spend each year on fast-food advertising directed at kids, said lead author Dr. David Ludwig, director of th e obesity program at childrens hospital Boston. Borzekowski says that most people prefer the branded fries compared to unbranded fries and the same results were found about branded chicken nuggets and non-branded chicken nuggets. Its no wonder that branding works, says Borzekowski.In another test done by Borzekowski, they took two burgers from McDonalds and put one in a non branded wrapper, Borzekowski had the kids try both and amazingly most kids tasted a difference in the two burgers. The majority of the preferred the McDonalds wrapped burger. McDonalds also finds ways of getting to the kids, because in Seminole County, the kids are rewarded with Happy Meals if the have a nearly perfect attendance or it they do well on their report cards. In fact, Stuart Elliot of the New York Times says that the Florida schools are using childrens report cards to help stimulate sales at McDonalds .Kids can get a number of Happy meal choices such as foursome chicken McNuggets, a Hamburger an d small fries or a cheeseburger with apple dippers. These kids are being rewarded with fast food, which is part of the reason that they are becoming obese.

My Favorite Person

My favourite person Michael Jordan Ive missed more than 9000 excavations in my career. Ive lost almost ccc games. 26 times, Ive been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. Ive failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. Those encouraging words were spoken by Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, on February 17, 1963. He moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. I am going to tell you why Jordan is in fact so famous. He had to go through furrowed obstacles all his life.His love for basketball began when his older brother, Larry, continuously beat him in one-on-one pickup games. Michael was taking the challenges but he didnt give up, that was why he became a better player. Jordan played basketball for Laney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina. When he was a sophomore Jordan was cut from varsity basketball team. Instead of giving up he was working hard, hour after another. He spent a lot of time in the gym practici ng, wholly reason why he did that was to achieve his goal by becoming a professional player and to make the team.Finally he made the team and let it to the state championship. Jordan then accepted a basketball scholarship from the University of North Carolina. Two years later he got drafted into the NBA. Michael Jordan was the most valuable player for a long time. Everyone knows and consider him the best basketball player ever. There is no such person that doesnt know who is Michael Jordan. I picked this person because I in reality think that MJ was the one who brought the game of basketball on a new level. His thoughts and philosophy motivate nowadays other great players.He was a strong cuckoo during his life, the death of his father was a shock for him but he stood still and went back to the NBA. Thats the quality that few people have is moving forward to your dreams no matter what happens in your life. I am going back to MJs words Ive missed more than 9000 shots in my career . Ive lost almost 300 games. 26 times, Ive been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. Ive failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. Becoming a successful person is a long way full of failures and mistakes and that makes someone successful in something its the dedication and hardwork.

Music can help Essay

While euphony has long been recognized as an effective form of therapy to provide an outlet for emotions, the notion of using song, sound frequencies and rhythm to treat somatogenetic ailments is a relatively new domain, says psychologist Daniel J. Levitin, PhD, who studies the neuroscience of harmony at McGill University in Montreal. A wealth of new studies is touting the benefits of medical specialty on mental and physical health. For example, in a meta-analysis of 400 studies, Levitin and his postgraduate research fellow, Mona Lisa Chanda, PhD, found that medical specialty improves the bodys immune system function and reduces stress. Listening to music was withal found to be more effective than prescription drugs in reducing anxiety before surgery (Trends in cognitive Sciences, April, 2013). Weve found compelling evidence that musical interventions can play a health-care role in settings ranging from run rooms to family clinics, says Levitin, author of the book This is You r Brain on Music (Plume/Penguin, 2007). The analysis also points to just how music influences health.The researchers found that listening to and playing music increase the bodys production of the antibody immunoglobulin A and natural killer cells the cells that attack invading viruses and boost the immune systems effectiveness. Music also reduces levels of the stress hormone cortisol. This is one reason why music is associated with relaxation, Levitin says. One recent take aim on the link between music and stress found that music can help soothe paediatric emergency room patients (JAMA Pediatrics, July, 2013). In the trial with 42 children ages 3 to 11, University of Alberta researchers found that patients who listened to relaxing music time getting an IV inserted reported significantly less pain, and some demonstrated significantly less distress, compared with patients who did not listen to music. In addition, in the music-listening group, more than two-thirds of the health-care providers reported that the IVs were very easy to administer compared with 38 share of providers treating the group that did not listen to music.There is growing scientific evidence showing that the brain responds to music in very specific ways, says Lisa Hartling, PhD, professor of pediatrics at the University of Alberta and lead author of the study. Playing music for kids during painful medical procedures is a simple intervention that can make a big difference. big(p) patients, too. Researchers at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore found that patients in palliative care whotook part in live music therapy sessions reported relief from persistent pain (Progress in Palliative Care, July, 2013).Music therapists worked closely with the patients to individually tailor the intervention, and patients took part in singing, instrument playing, lyric discussion and point song writing as they worked toward accepting an illness or weighed end-of-life issues. Active music engagement al lowed the patients to reconnect with the healthy parts of themselves, even in the face of a debilitating condition or disease-related suffering, says music therapist Melanie Kwan, co-author of the study and president of the Association for Music Therapy, Singapore. When their acute pain symptoms were relieved, patients were finally able to rest.

John Winthrop “a Model of Christian Charity” (1630)

John Winthrop A Model of Christian Charity (1630) Daisha A. Powell South University John Winthrop A Model of Christian Charity (1630) The Puritans had distinguishable dogmas from the Pilgrims in which they jilted separatism postulating the Anglican Church could be saved. They wanted to build churches to function as models for the English Church. John Winthrop on the eve of the puritans settlement of Massachusetts Bay wanted to have a structure of government and social order already established.John Winthrop stated that the only way order and triumph of a colony is rooted in a dogma in divinity, communal covenant and the expectation the biography of hard work is perfections plan. First, John Winthrop believes that life itself was predestined and with conformity and belief in God and his almighty power and glory, preservation lies within. Secondly, all men are equal and no cardinal is more honorable, more wealthy, or superior to another. All men shall be tight interlace in th e bond of brotherly love.Thirdly, bound by an agreement between God in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior in return, man has a choice. By choosing to live by Gods word man will continue to be blessed with countless blessings but decision making to live life outside of this covenant God will break out in individual retirement account as an act of revenge. John Winthrop goes on to say that man must work as one, halt one another, and be willing to help each other with meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality.He views his community as one of the alike body and so when one person suffers everyone suffers or supply that person with some sort of relief. By keeping the unity in the bond of peace the Lord will be pleased with their actions and they would get wind much more of his omnipotent power, wisdom, and goodness. John Winthrop believes that they will have a new profound belief that God is among them when ten of them will be able to resist a thousa nd of their enemies. He systematically prompted his people of heir mission and encouraged them to satisfy their divine obligation to become a beam of godliness for all mankind, and that they should be as a city upon a hill (Stone, 2012). They will source things unheard of and become a testimony to others, believers and non-believers. These testimonies will serve as proof of Gods existence and of his power. In conclusion, man should love, worship, serve, and obey the Lord as well as love one another, walk in His ways, live by His commandments, ordinance, laws, and by the covenant.By cleaving to God, he will give an abundance of blessings to lifes pleasures and profits. This commitment to God ensures a life of prosperity.References Goldfield, D. (2011). The American Journey A History of the join States. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Stone, P. (2012, October). Worlds Apart, Translation and Adaption 1600-1685. The American Journey. Lecture conducted from South University, No vi, Michigan.

Natureview Farm

Table of Contents Introduction2 master(prenominal)(prenominal) Issues3 Company Background3 Natureviews Profile Products4 nutrimentstuff place Tr depots analytic thinking for organic fertiliser overlap4 Yogurt suckeret Trends5 Yogurt Market Segmentation by Packaging6 Yogurt Market Segmentation by region7 Yogurt Market Segmentation by Competitors8 Yogurt Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel10 grind away Analysis10 Analysis of Strategic planning Options11 Recommendations14 References14 Introduction Fundament each(prenominal)y, this paper is intimately our findings of the Natureview erects case study.In order to understand comprehensively about this follow, we need to investigate win for the lodges past and current activities which is it go forth affect future growth of the company. All of this schooling is imperative to us in decision making process. Moreover, we could similarly act upon a decision what is the scoop up strategy for the Natureview invoke. To understand thoroughly about the company, we need to * Analyze the companys history, development, and growth. * Analyze the outdoor(a) environment. * Evaluate the SWOT compendium. Explain each option of the Natureview Farm based on qualitative and quantitative outline. * Make recommendations. Main Issues Currently the company faced a new challenge situation to identify the best trade plan in order to grow r regularues by over 50% before the end of two hundred1. The main direction of the company was whether to expand into the super commercialize furrow to obtain their expected tax r unconstipatedue. A decision which would represent a major departure from the companys established line of business strategy and which would impact every nerve of Natureviews business.Company Background Established in 1989, Natureview Farm is a small yoghurt shaper which empha coats the enjoyment of indispensable ingredients and a special process that gave the yoghourt its unique smooth, cre amy cereal without the artificial thickeners which produces full(prenominal) caliber yogurt. The yogurt was manufactured at the Natureview farm harvest-tideion facility in Cabot, Vermont started with 2 coats of shape in two flavours- plain and vanilla. The coats of transfuse are 8-ounce (Oz) and 32-ounce (Oz).Natureview Farms revenue had growth from little than $100,000 to 13Millions as reported in income statement 1999. Because of the emphasize of inborn ingredients and it strong reputation for high quality and great taste help the company to grow up to national distribution went on to stumble drawing cardship in nature food. By the yr 2000, the company producing 12 refrigerated yogurt flavours in 8-Oz and 4 flavours in 32-Oz. The company had to a fault started exploring Multipack yogurt products for the child package in 4-Oz loving cup and yogurt package in tubes.Even though in 1997, Jim Wagner as Chief financial Officer has recommendation to go down for an equity in fusion from a venture capital firm to fund strategic investments are utilityful, the investor promptly needed cash out of its investment in Natureview. Now Natureview prudence has faced critical riddle and need to find another investor itself because their current goal is to growing revenues to $20 million before the end of 2001. * Natureviews Profile Products Yogurt is a dairy product, the result of milk fermented in a cautiously controlled environment.Special bacteria added to the milk change its texture and guide yogurt its unique health properties it is a erect source of calcium and improves digestion. under are the criteria of the natures product 1. Natureview yogurt flavour and texture was the companys founders family yogurt recipe, the recipe used indispensable ingredient and no artificial thickeners which produce great and high quality taste. 2. The company used milk from cows untreated with rGBH, an artificial growth horm champion that increased milk production. 3.Because of their special process and ingredient, Natureview life span on the shelf was 50 days longer compared to other competitions only 30 days. 4. Natureview has 12 refrigerated yogurt flavour in 8-Oz and four flavours in 32-Oz cups. Market Trends Analysis for organic product 1. The organic foods merchandise, worth $6. 5 billion in 1999, was predicted to grow to $13. 3 billion in 2003. 2. Generally, organic product consumer tended to have high incomes, have much education, and live in the northeastern and westmost. 3. 67 % of U. S. ouseholds coiffe that set was a barrier to their purchase of organic foods and 58% of consumer expressed that they would buy a much organic product if it were cheaper. 4. 44% of consumers want a wider selection of organic product in supermarkets. 5. Below are market trend findings * Yogurt Market Trends A comprehensive analysis must be applied in order to understand and evaluate the market trends of yogurt product. It is all important(p) fo r the management to focus on the areas that are needed for improvement especially on customers satisfaction because it will yield greater gainfulness for the company.For instance, the management should know better on what are the current market trends and their customers wants from their product. In addition, just about factors in purchasing decisions that are made by customers should be analyzed by the company. Several factors in purchasing decisions are such as packaging, flavour, value, freshness and ingredients of the yogurt. Such product measurements are imperative not only to maintain the quality of the product itself, but it excessively will retain and attract to a greater extent than customers for choosing Natureview Farms yogurt kind of than competitors yogurt. * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Packagingestablish on the market trends, the most popular sizes of yogurt cups were in 6-oz and 8-oz which contributed to 3% of the fractions growth per division. In addition, these also were representing 74% of jibe category supermarkets gross revenue in U. S. dollars. Women especially bought 8-oz yogurt cups because of their health consciousness. The second largest constituent is multipacks size which represented 9% total category supermarkets sales with 12. 5% growth per year. This second largest segment customarily consumed by children because of their mothers concern about their health and fastest growth.The last segment which is 32-oz. cup size represented 8% of total category supermarkets sales and was growing at a modest of 2%. Normally, the buyers of 32-oz. were heavy yogurt consumers. They are either consumed the yogurt plain, added some ingredients or used it in recipes. unambiguous and vanilla were the most famous flavours. Buyers also put brand, expiration date and expenditure as important purchase criteria for this size of yogurt. * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Region ground on the market segmentation by region, it could be identify th at the West and the Northeast possess high market shares.The West contributed to 27% whereas the Northeast contributed to 26% of national U. S. market. The main factors that contributed to these high percentages were the shoppers who live in the West and the Northeast have high incomes and more education. In addition, the Southeast possesses 25% and the Midwest possesses 22% of market shares. disregarding of impart or distribution, the buyers habit of buying yogurt numbered on their unique characteristics. Some of buyers were more pertain about the quality of the yogurt while some of them were concerned about the yogurts charge or vice versa. * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Competitors We had identified four close competitors of Natureview Farms yogurt. These top four competitors are Dannon, Yoplait, Breyers and Columbo. Dannon and Yoplait are controlling over 50% of the yogurt market share. As indicated in the supermarket Channels pie chart, we could tick that Dannon holds 3 3% of yogurt market share whereas Yoplait holds 24%. The sales of these yogurts are conducted through two dominant distributor channels which are supermarket and natural foods channel.As we could see in the natural foods channel, Natureview Farm was lead-in which holds 24% of yogurt market. Other than these, these yogurts revenues were also generated through warehouse clubs, conveniences stores, drug stores and mass merchandisers. * * * Yogurt Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel Based on yogurt market segmentation by distribution channel, we could conclude that the distribution channels were shared into supermarkets and natural foods store. 97 % of yogurts were sold in the supermarkets while 3% of yogurts were sold in the natural foods store.The sales and distribution process of Channels Supermarket Channels Process Supplier aka producer usually sends their product to a large distribution centre, which in turn shipped directly to the supermarket chains warehouse. The dist ributors and retailers campaignd a mark-up price on product that flowed through their warehouses or store. In order to place the product in the supermarket, manufacturer will required to pay wiz-off time slotting fee for each SKU only in the first year it was introduced and then to participate in regular trade promotions.If the SKU failed to show any profit for the supermarket within the year, the supermarket would halt the product and would require a new slotting fee payment if the manufacturer sought reauthorization of the SKU. Some constitute points in the distribution of supermarket channel process are as below 1. The typical distributor circumference is 15% and the typical retailer margin is 27% 2. Supermarket would charge in average of $0. 74 for 8-oz cup of yogurt, $2. 70 for 32-o cup of yogurt, and $2. 85 for 4-oz cup of multipack. Natural Food Channels processFirstly, manufacturer shipped the product to the natural wholesalers and then wholesalers will ship the product s to the distributors which responsible to delivered product to the retailers. electrical distributors would deliver products individually to the retailers, and in some cases even stock the shelves and track paperwork. Lastly customer crosss the product from the retailers. Natural Food retailers will charge the manufacturer for one time allotment of one free case of product for every new SKU permit for distribution in its first year. Some key points in the distribution of natural food channel process are as below 1.The typical natural food wholesaler margin is 7%, the natural food distributor margin is 9% and the typical retailer margin is 35% 2. retail merchants would charge in average of $0. 88 for 8-oz cup of yogurt, $3. 19 for 32-o cup of yogurt, and $3. 35 for 4-oz cup of multipack. Exhibit 1 Length of channel to market Channel allowance Analysis By using bound analysis , we can identify the profitability of these channels and we can indicate which channel would provide the expected revenues of Natureview Farm. This analysis is based on the given point in the case study and each of the analysis is change integrity based on type of yogurt size.The results are as below. 1. Result of Natural Foods Channel unit of measurement Cost for 8-oz cup portion Margin respect whole selling Price Contribution Margin Unit % Mark up Manufacturer 0. 31 36% 0. 48 0. 17 56% contact 0. 48 7% 0. 52 0. 04 8% Distributor 0. 52 9% 0. 57 0. 05 10% Retailer 0. 57 35% 0. 88 0. 31 54% Customer 0. 88 Unit Cost for 32-oz cup Contribution Margin Rate Unit Selling Price Contribution Margin Unit % Mark up Manufacturer 0. 99 44% 1. 75 0. 76 77% Wholesaler 1. 75 7% 1. 89 0. 13 8% Distributor 1. 9 9% 2. 07 0. 19 10% Retailer 2. 07 35% 3. 19 1. 12 54% Customer 3. 19 Unit Cost for 4-oz multipack Contribution Margin Rate Unit Selling Price Contribution Margin Unit % Mark up Manufacturer 1. 15 69% 1. 84 0. 69 60% Wholesaler 1. 84 7% 1. 98 0. 14 8% Distributor 1. 98 9 % 2. 18 0. 20 10% Retailer 2. 18 35% 3. 35 1. 17 54% Customer 3. 35 2. Result of Supermarket Channel Unit Cost for 8-oz cup Contribution Margin Rate Unit Selling Price Contribution Margin Unit % Mark up Manufacturer 0. 31 32% 0. 6 0. 15 48% Distributor 0. 46 15% 0. 54 0. 08 18% Retailer 0. 54 27% 0. 74 0. 20 37% Customer 0. 74 Unit Cost for 32-oz cup Contribution Margin Rate Unit Selling Price Contribution Margin Unit % Mark up Manufacturer 0. 99 41% 1. 68 0. 69 69% Distributor 1. 68 15% 1. 97 0. 30 18% Retailer 1. 97 27% 2. 7 0. 73 37% Customer 2. 7 Unit Cost for 4-oz multipack Contribution Margin Rate Unit Selling Price Contribution Margin Unit % Mark up Manufacturer 1. 15 35% 1. 77 0. 62 54% Distributor 1. 77 15% 2. 8 0. 31 18% Retailer 2. 08 27% 2. 85 0. 77 37% Customer 2. 85 As you can see, % mark-up in Natural foods channel is higher compared to supermarket channel in all sizes of yogurt in the manufacturer phase which means higher profitability. Natura l food channel is able to cost more to the customer compared supermarket channel repayable to dispirit price sensitivity among natural foods customers as well as % mark-up from the Natural foods wholesaler. SWOT Analysis The boilers suit evaluation of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is called SWOT analysis.Its a way of monitoring the external and internal trade environment. External Marketing (Opportunity and Threat) Analysis Opportunities 1. Supermarket channel will provide the companys noteworthy emf of growth for get higher revenues. 2. Yogurt sales through natural food stores had grown 20% per year. 3. Through the supermarket channel, the price of the product can be lower. Threats 1. The main competitors in the supermarket channel are getting stronger with the top four competitors which are Dannon, Yoplait, Breyers and Colombo. . Company may have to reposition Internal Marketing (Strength and Weakness) Analysis Strengths 1. Natureview is a majo r and trusted brand for the natural food channel and has developed strong relationships with leading natural food retailers 2. Natureview has a strong reputation for high quality and great taste. 3. Natureviews yogurt has longer average shelf life compare other products. 4. The company has rapid growth revenue from $100,000 to $13 Million within 10 years. 5. Natureview is a leader distributor of natural food channel. 6.Strong usable efficiency because the company is using creative , low-cost guerrilla market Weaknesses 1. Natureview will heavily depend on its divisors knowledge of promotional and merchandising requirement. 2. Inadequate operational capacity because ineffective to generate the volume requirements needed to meet consumer demand of other distribution channels. 3. Relatively small company compared with other potential competitors in supermarket channel. 4. Natureview only invested 3% of total expenses in research & developments which cause discourage product innova tion.Analysis of Strategic planning Options The company has three options needed to be analyzed and be identified which option will help the company to achieve their goal. Each of the options has their own importance and benefits however they also have some limitation attached on them. Option 1 The first option was powerfully advocated by Vice president of sales Walter Bellini. The stem is to expand six SKUs of the 8-Oz. product line into one or two selected supermarket channel regions. Pros 1. 8-Oz cups have the highest demand in the refrigerated yogurt market and will be able to provide the expected revenues. . Based on other natural food brands success in expanding their product in the supermarket channel has shown significant proves Natureviews product will have a high chance of success. 3. Natureview is the leading naturals foods brand of refrigerated yogurt and have uniquely positioned to capitalize on the growing trend in natural and organic foods. 4. Natureview will have t he advantage as the first brand to enter the channel due to supermarket channel will likely to give permission only to one natural yogurt manufacturer. Natureview will be the first mover in this channel 5.Some industry experts predicted unit volume growth of organic product at supermarket will be at 20% per year from 2001 to 2006. Cons 1. The 8-Oz cups size received the highest level of competitive in trade promotions and marketing budget. 2. The management had estimated for comprehensive advertising plan will cost $1. 2 million per region per year and Natureviews sales, general and administrative expenses (SG& A) would increase by $ 320,000 annually. 3. Due to Lack of experience in supermarket channel, their broker power take advantage of their relationship with top supermarkets retails chains in Northeast and West. . This option might create direct competition with national yogurt manufacturer. 5. Might create conflict of channel amidst supermarket and natural food stores. Option 2 The second option was advocated by the vice president of trading operations Jack Gottlieb. The idea is to expand 4 SKUs of the 32-Oz. Based on the giving points we can identify the pros and cons as below Pros 1. The gross profit margin for the 32-oz cups is higher at 43. 6 % compared to 8-oz cups at 36%. 2. This size of 32-oz cups was potentially become stronger competitive advantage like longer shelf life and lower marketing expenses. 3.This brand had achieved a 45% share of this size segment in the natural foods channel. 4. The management also assume that the company could sell 5. 5 million incremental units in the first years by expand more in supermarket retails across the united state. Cons 1. This option will have higher slotting fees due to national distribution. 2. There are no guaranteed customer acceptances towards the multi-use size of yogurt. 3. With the additions to sales headcount for the 32-oz,that will increase the SG& A cost to $160,000. 00 4. They also concerne d on sales teams ability to achieve full national distribution in 12 months. . Might create conflict of channel among supermarket and natural food stores. Option 3 The third option was advocated by Walkers swains Kelly Riley, the assistant marketing director, she supported the idea to introduce two SKUs of a childrens multi-pack into the natural food channel. Based on her arguments, we can identify the pros and cons as below Pros 1. Natureview Farm is the established leader in the natural food channel and has a strong relationship with the leading food natural food channel retailers. 2. Sales and marketing expenses were the lowest compared to other options. 3.Choosing this option will allow the company to have more time to prepare before entering the supermarket channel. 4. The financial potential was very prepossessing with expected high margin of 37. 6%. 5. Natureview product positioning is ideal for the new Multi-pack product launch. Cons 1. Natureview Farm will miss the oppor tunity to enter the supermarket before competitors. Supermarket retailer would likely authorize only one organic yogurt brand. 2. Natureviews marketing department was unprepared to handle the demands on resources and staffing that will be needed once the company entered the supermarket channel.Option financial Overview Based on the case study, we have analyzed all three options that Natureview Farm tried to include in their future business plan. For the first option, Natureview Farm idea is to expand 6 SKUs into supermarket channel with 8 oz cups to get more profit. Refer to concomitant 1 Natureview Farm total estimated for investment expenses is quite higher than another option. However, even though Natureview spend more for the investment we can see that total expected profit is positively increased by annually.To get expected for this option need For option two, Natureview Farm abutting idea is to expend 4 SKUs 32-oz into supermarket channel to their future business planning b ecause their product is longer shelf life. Based on appendix 2, the investment plan is lower than option 1. The investment has divided to four regions for selling. Even through the management estimated that they can sell this brand with higher sold, the cost of the good sold also is quite higher and this is expenses will affect the profitability of goods sold. The last option is Natureview Farm plan to expand 2 SKUS 4-oz multipack into natural food channel.Refer to appendix 3, we can see that the cost of goods sold is quite higher even through this idea not involved slotting fee, the estimated annual profit is not shown in positive way. Based on the calculation, the cost of goods sold and estimated annual profit is shown the selling product is lower profitability. Based on the financial analysis, we can identify some trends The highest Profitability is option 1. Based on the graph, the higher of total investment expenses are option 1. The higher Investment ROI is option 3. Recommend ationsAfter all analysis that we have do in this case study, our recommendation for Natureview Farm for their future planning are option 1. This is because based on our analysis we can see option 1 is the best choice to get more profitability in 5 years onward as planning. This option is to expand 6 SKUs of the 8-oz size into eastern and western supermarket regions. Even though the risk of going to supermarket channel is higher, Natureview Farm should expand into this channel because as we can see, two natural food companies expanded into this channel and increased their revenues by 200 %.To achieve their mission, they need to take the risks for get their estimated projected net profit. In addition, entry to this supermarket channel with 8 oz size is more viable than option 2 where to expend into this channel with 32 oz cup size. The 8 oz size price initially attempt to negotiate retail price more than 32-oz size where the price of product will also affect the consumer choice. This option focuses on regional distribution instead of national, which should make it easier to implement this product information to region consumer.The level of education and higher income of consumer is also a origin for consumer to buy this natural food product. Natureview Farm can also market their product to this type of consumer with our product advantages such as the product has a longer shelf life, uses natural ingredients and uses only organic ingredients. The next recommendation strategy is, Natureview farms need to utilize more advanced in monitoring the technology and authoritative management to keep track the trends so that they always be the consumer choice in natural food products.To become a successful natural food company in this channel, they need to be more systematic and always have good relationship with media, consumer and retailer. References 1. http//www. investopedia. com/terms/g/guerrilla-marketing. asp 2. http//Prezi. com/natureview farms. 3. http// www. slideshare. net/nature -view-case 1 . Based on investopedia. com, Margin analysis uses the percentage calculation to provide a comprehensive measure of a companys profitability on a historical basis (3-5 years) and in comparison to friction match companies and industry benchmarks. 2 . Based on investopedia. com, Mark-up is the difference between an investments lowest current offering price among dealers and the higher price a dealer charges a customer. 3 . Guerrilla Marketing is different than traditional marketing in that it often relies on personal interaction and has a small budget, and it focuses on smaller groups of promoters that are responsible for getting the word out in a particular location rather than on wide-spread media campaigns.

Frederick Douglass Learning to Read Essay

In Frederick Douglasss narrative essay, Learning to Read, he explains how he taught himself how to read and write. His slave owners did non want him to earn an education, since they feared a slave who thought independently. I believe Douglass does not have an enabling figure in his life because he taught himself, through ch exclusivelyenging other children, how to read and write.This was the stepping stone to achieving his education. Douglass overcame respective(a) obstacles in his life, such as learning to read and write, and gaining his freedom. Initially, his mistress tutored him, but turned cold-hearted and quit. Luckily, Douglass befriended the little neat boys who helped teach him to read.For example, Douglass claimed, The plan which I adopted and the one by which I was most successful, was that of making friends of all the little white boys whom I met in the street. As many of these as I could, I born-again into teachers (Douglass 347). With the aid of the white boys in the neighborhood, Douglass successfully learned to read in other words, he creatively manipulated a negative obstacle into a powerful tool.As Douglass became more interested in interpreting, he contrived little steps to build his writing techniques to a climax. His get the hang worried that if a slave were to get an education they could endure ideas that would be harmful.He started to read newspapers and books in the free time he had between errands. This being, as Frederick began to read more he discovered what it really meant to be a slave. He started to wonder why he would not be free, unlike the other white boys. Douglass began to despise his masters because he considered that everyone should have the freedom to be educated. Thus, as Douglass worked in the ship-yard, he became more familiar with the alphabet. later on learning his first four letters, he began to compose words consisting of them. Next, he would challenge other boys in the neighborhood whether they could write b etter than him. For example, Douglass expresses, I would then make the letters which I had been so felicitous as to learn, and ask him to beat that. In this way I got a good many lessons in writing (Douglass 349).This being said, Douglass learned how to write successfully with the lessons learned from challenging the other boys. In conclusion, Douglass acknowledge the inequality that his masters were making because they thought that slavery and education were notcompatible. Succeeding at reading gave him the power to make his own decisions in discovering who he really was. His perseverance emphasizes that the only teacher, who taught him to read and write, was himself.

Karaoke Television

The word KTV stands for Karaoke Television. It is a form of interactive fun where amateurs tattle along recorded music using a microphone and public address system with a screen of displayed lyrics. There ar over 100 KTV establishments in Singapore. troupe World KTV is an established karaoke entertainment in Singapore, boasting 12 outlets throughout the island. Equipped with the latest in entertainment technology, user- couthy systems and well-to-do spacious rooms, patrons be ensured utmost pleasure and comfort. troupe World KTV strives to enrich patrons visit in singing quality and beyond singing experience.Various segments have been identified as realistic segments that Party World KTV could target and choose to focus on. Possible segments include but are non limited to students, corporate, families and senior citizens. The possible segments allows Party World to be an all-rounder KTV entertainment provider, providing from young to old, orphic to corporate.However, inste ad of competing in a mass market with broad segments, in adopting a narrower focus, the company ideally focuses on their specialized needs, thus better tailoring the marketing mix accordingly. The chosen segments to focus are students and corporate. Students and corporate segments are important source of customer base. Corporate functions are on regular introduction where organizers are willing to spend generously. Students, on the other hand are cost conscious.Singapores KTV entertainment industry has gr feature rapidly over the years. Party World KTV has significance market shares in the industry, nevertheless, not without strong competitors like K Box, Good Luck KTV and Top One KTV.The targeted markets consist of running(a) class (corporate) and non-working class (students). There are huge pools of customers readily available in these two segments. crack specialize returns aimed at corporate functions could set Part Worlds positioning at a higher level. Students, on the other hand are customers who please KTV entertainment due to umpteen reasons such as, fans who imitate idols, singing as hobby and friends hangout. In targeting these segments, Party World KTV sets its positioning in customers mind uniquely different from other common KTVs. Setting a prestigiousness standard for official functions while not neglecting the needs of the young and non-working customers.An overview of the marketing mix, place, price, products (service) and promotion are as followed. * Place Exclusive, multiple locations strategically located (12 branches). Rooms are comfortable and spacious. VIPs room exclusively just now available in 5 branches with prior bookings needed. all in all branches are located island wide, convenient for all. * Price opposite set strategy. Higher prices targeted to high end customers (corporate functions). Affordable prices for middle income or non-working customers (students). With 2 major segments targeted, pricing have to be set accord ingly, suiting customers need.Moreover, customers are charges at per room (not per pax), this allows customers to contract more friends. * Products and/or (Services) High-end service, well-trained staffs and well equip facilities (includes internet, pool table, board games, DVD player and Playstation 3. Exclusive service provided for corporate / private functions. Staffs are well-trained and experience in KTV related services. Party World KTV goes the extra mi to make customers feel more relax with available gaming electronics and cease snacks and drinks (for members only). * Promotions Wide variety of promotions for the targeted segments.promotional tools currently used by Party World to attract and retain customers are as followed. onwards any promotional steps are taken, there must first be a computer storage strategy to retain current customers before attracting new potential customers.Membership is one way of retaining and attracting customers. Members enjoy lifetime mem ber privileges, moreover, given a birthday voucher on the birthday month.Points redemption / appeal entitles members to be rewarded for every dollar they spent. Points are redeemable for food and beverages, longer usage of facilities and special gifts. With points redemption, customers are more enticed to spend more and remain loyal to Party World KTV than switching to others. (Spend in Party World and get rewarded)A singing contest is held monthly to promote singing. It is considered as a friendly and leisure contest to promote singing. Most of the participants are students eagerly waiting for their chance to sing on stage. Thus, this promotional tool is appropriate in attracting the student amateur singers.Happy Hour Promotion relevant from Mondays to Fridays (2pm 7pm), customers are given a special rate which includes free snacks and non-alcohol drinks. Members are able to enjoy an redundant 10% discount.3 bottles package Customers are able to choose any 3 bottles of alcohol with free 6 bottles of mixers at only $598.Nevertheless, the promotions are insufficient to attract customers. We recommend for an Epic Theme Nights which covers from Monday to Thursdays and sunshine where Party World KTV has least customers.Selling points Now you can even produce and design your own MTV album (with your own vocals and video) with Party World KTVs professional studio and recording system find their favourite(a) croons and save favorite songs in a playlist for easy retrieval on the next visit. All you have to do is to register through the KTV system using your mobile number as login ID and take saving your favorite KTV songs in your playlistYour comfort and pleasure is met with our spacious rooms which are lie with comfortable leather seats and massage chairs and in-room foot massage machines.Message For wannabe Singapore Idols, Party World is the obvious place to hone your singing skills. Affordable room rentals and a hefty bilingualist song catalogue should ens ure hours of crooning entertainment, not to mention various discounts available to NTUC cardholders. With 11 branches spread head across the island, Party World has become quite a karaoke institution.